Machine for the manufacture of ice and for refrigerating purposes



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' E. E. HENDRIGK.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR REFRIGERATING I PURPOSES.

N0. 336,233. Patented Feb. 16, 1886.

\NTTNEssEs. v INVENTOR E m M N. PETERS. PhoKo-Lilhcgnpher. Wnhin wn, ac.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. E. HENDRIOK. MAGHINHPOR THE MANUFACTURE 0? ICE AND FOR REFRIGERATINGPURPOSES. N0. 336,233. 1 Patented Feb. 16, 1886.

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ZKFF T 6 SEC:

WITNESSES; INVENTE] 5, mow-0b N4 PETERS. Pholomhn ra mn Washinglen. D.c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets'Sheet 3.

' E. E. HENDRICK.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF IGE AND FOR REFRIGERATING PURPOSES.

/N 336 233. Patented Feb. 16, 1886 FT U, F y

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vw wes-ses, INVENTEIFM (2% E,E Hendrick 70 Ar: Jilly fiuwwwg wwm N.PETERS, Photo-Lithoghpher, wahm mn. D.c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Shet 4.

- E. E.- HENDRIUK.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR REFRIGERATING PURPOSES.

No. 336,238. Patented Feb. 16, 1886.

WITNESSES, ANVENTUFM E E,Hemlir-ick 5y h s M89. MW) W4? m N. PETERS,Fhclo-Lrllwgnpher. Wnhingmn. D. C.

' out, and the pipes connecting them with the f means of suitably-valvedpipes, a portion of the coils to other steam-pipes for use of liveUNITED STATES PATENT Fries.

ELI E. HENDRICK, OF CARBONDALE, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR REFRIGERATING PURPOSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 836,233, dated February16, 1886.

Application filed October 23, 1885.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELI E. HENDRIOK, of Garbondale, Lackawanna county,State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and usefulImprovementsiu Machines for the Man- 11 t'actu re of Ice and forRefrigerating Purposes, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact specification, ret'erence being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention consists of a refrigerating apparatus constructed andarranged to work by the evaporation and absorptionprocess, and is moreparticularly adapted to the use ofaquaammonia as the cooling agent.

The object of my invention is to obtain the required refrigeration withless expenditure of fuel and more advantageously than it has beenobtained by previous machines. I effect this desirable result by the useof exhauststeam as an evaporating agent and by the employment of severalimprovements in the construction of the apparatus.

The advantages of using exhaust-steam are the saving effected by theutilization of a waste product, the avoidance of all danger cfoverheating and nothing of the ammonia in the still, and less uselessevaporation of water.

My improvement in the still consists in placing in the still a number ofindependent coils ofpipe, each connected at one end with a manifold forsupplying steam, and at the other end with a manifold forming a steamand water escape pipe. These coils are each independmanifolds or steamconducting pipes have valves, so that any coil or coils can be shut off,when required by leakage, accident, or otherwise, without in the leastinterfering with the proper working of the remainder.

The improvement in the coils themselves, which I also use in theabsorber to circulate cold water, consists in constructing them of onepiece of pipe without screw or otherjoints. To prevent leakage the endof the pipes forming the coil pass through lead packing in studing-boXesin the shell of the still. This construction of the coils avoids alldanger of leakage within the still, for the coils are absolutelywithout. joints.

In the lower part of the still I connect, by

Serial No. 180,758. (No mo'lcl.)

steam in case of necessity. Proper valves shut ofi' these steam-pipeswhen they are not required. iluid, and that weak ammonia, in the still.In the upper part of the still I place near together alarge number ofdrippingpans, which are metal plates, each provided with a raised rim,and punched with numerous holes, with a burr raised around each hole.The burrs and the rim cause the pans to retain a portion of theaqua-ammonia dropping upon them, and thus they expose a largeevaporatingsurface. The strong ammonia is pumped into the upper pans,and passing through the holes into the next one below,and so on downthrough all the pans, a large portion is evaporated. The remainder iscaught in a pan just above the steam-coils in the upper part of thestill, from which pan it is admitted to a coil similar in form and sizeto those used for steam-circulation. This coil is pierced on the upperside with numerous small holes, through which the ammonia escapes, andis evenly distributed upon the heated upper surface of the coilimmediately beneath, andiriinning over it drips upon the one below that,and so on down to the bottom. I fit the upper part of the trap with acoil, through which cold water circulates. 1 cmploy two absorbers. Ielevate the first absorber thirty feet (more or less) above the level ofthe second absorber and the strong-ammonia. receiver, thus gaining thesuction due to the fall of the aqua-ammonia, and also effecting apressure in the secondary absorber; and, further, in filling the insideof the first absorber with coils, (similar to those used in the still,)in which cold water circulates, and also with a distributing-coil. Iintroduce between the absorber and the still a regulator, which Imaintain only about one foot of controls the outlet of the still, so asto always' maintain an even heightof weak ammonia in the still. Theconstruction of this device will be more fully set forth in its properplace. I make the strong-ammonia receiver consist of three or morevessels connected by pipes, so as to force the outgoing air to passthrough fluid in order to free it from ammonia, and provide the lastvessel with a safety-valve, to allow any undue pressure of air toescape, without at the same time permitting loss of ammonia, and,further, place said receiver in a bath kept cool by circulating water orby other cooling agent.

I so construct and connect the anhydrous-amlarge number ofdripping-pans,E, placed quite monia receiver that a trap is formed inthe bottom,by which any wateror aqua ammonia getting into the receivermay be separated at that point and the aqua-ammonia returned to thestrong-ammonia receiver. absorber, as 1 construct it, consists of acoilof pipe immersed in the coolingibath surroundingthestrong-ammoniareceivingtanks. Intheinterchangerlinclose the twocoils, which are to serve the purpose of exchangingthe heat from theweak ammonia to the strong ammonia, in a vessel strong enough towithstand the pressure due to the heat of theweak ammonia when appliedto water. In the secondary still I place in its upper part a series ofperforated pans like those used in the principal still, and filling thelower half with a worm-coil for steam-circulation.

In the drawings which form a portion of this specification, Figure l isa general view of the whole apparatus in vertical elevation, designed toshow the relative positions of the Various parts and thepipe-connections. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectionot' the. ammonia-still.The steam-coils are shown in elevation. Fig. 3 isa section of theinter-changer, showing the two coils and the water bath. The whirls ofthese two coils alternate, and one spiral is of less diameter than theother to show this arrangement more clearly. Fig. 4 is ahorizontalsection of the tank inclosing secondary absorbing-coil, cooling-coil,and tanks forming the strong-ammonia receiver. Fig. 5 is a verticalsection of this same tank. The inner tanks, which form thestrong-ammonia-receiver, are shown in elevation. Fig. 6 is a plan viewof the pipes and valves connecting the steam-coils of the still with theexhauststeam and live-steam manifolds. Fig. 7 is a vertical section ofthe secondary still. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of the trap. Fig. 9 isa vertical section of the absorber. Fig. 10 is a vertical section of theregulator. Fig. 11 is a horizontal section of the regulator. Fig. 12 isa plan view, on an enlarged scale, of one of the coils used in the stillfor steam, in the absorber for water-circulation, and in both at the'top, when pierced with holes, as a distributer; Fig. 13 is a plan viewof one of the dripping-plates used in the upper part of the still. Fig.14 is a vertical section of this pan. 15 is an axial section of one ofthe glands through which the small pipes connecting the steam-coils tothe manifolds pass.

A is the body of the st-ill -a cylindrical iron shell having ahemispherical top and bottom and an upper cylindrical portion, A. Thelower part of the still isprovided with a series of steam-coils, B. eachconnected to a manifold, U, for supply ing exhauststeam, and anothermanifold, C, for carrying it and the Water of condensation off alter ithas done its work.

D D are live-steam pipes, of which the application will be explainedfurther on.

The upper part, A, of the still A base The secondary near each other.

F is the secondary still, containing like dripping-plates and asteam-coihf.

G is the ammonia-trap, provided with awater worm or coil, g, connectedat'or near the middle with the top of the still, and at the bottom withthe bottom of the still, and at the top also with the condenser.

H is the tank containing the condensingcoil h. surrounded by thecooling-water, which is made to circulate by continual inflow andoutflow.

I is the reservoir for the anhydrous am monia; J, the tank containingthe refrigeratingcoilsj.

K is the absorber, consisting of a cylind rical iron shell withhemispherical ends containing a series of coils, k, like those in thestill. each' independently connected to manifolds for coldwatercirculation, and a sprinkler or distrib nter, 7c, which is exactly likethe coils 70, except that the upper surface is pierced with a largenumber of small holes.

L is the interchanger-tank, containing the spiral worm pipe-coils Zand'l", placed so that the whirls of the two coils alternate. The coilsare surrounded by water or other liquid for effecting the requiredexchange of heat.

M is a t. outer tank containing three smaller tanks, N N N, which arestrong-ammonia receivers, and are surrounded by brine kept cold by thecirculation through pipe-coil O of the spent ammonia-gas from therefrigcrating-coil. The coil 0 surrounds the three tanks N N N, and hasalternating with its whirls a coil, P, which acts as a secondary orauxiliary absorber.

R is the regulator, consisting of a closed boiler-plate shell providedwith a horizontal extension, 1", and containing a l'loat,'r". operatinga double-seated valve, W, by means ofa lever, r.

S is the pump which draws the strong ammonia from the receiver N andforces it to the top A of the still A.

. T is the pump which draws the chilled nou-congealable liquid from thetank M and forces it to circulate through the coils k by means ofmanifolds is. The glass liquid-gages are indicated by \V.

The pipes are numbered in order as far as possible, and their uses andconnections will be given in the description of the operation of theapparatus.

V, either with or without exponent number, indicates valves wherever itoccurs on the drawings, and the arrows indicate the direction of theflow of liquids and gases through I whirls B" Bof which are nearly inone plane,

or thereabout, and'separated from each other by a space of aneighth' ofan inch, (m'ore'or less.) The ends are drawn down, and pieces of pipe,preferably of small diameter, b b", are welded to them. One of thesesmaller pipes, b, is carried over the coil, and the other small pipe, bunder the coil. Both are brought out on preferably radial lines, and theupper pipe, b, is used to supply steam, the lower carrying off water ofcondensation and waste steam. These small pipes pass laterally outthrough stuffing-boxes in the shell of the still, an dfare composed of apipe, b having a screw-cap. b, a gland, b and lead or soft-metalpacking, b In this manner a gas-tightjoint is obtained. and onecontaining no fibrous material. This joint or packing is shown in Fig.15. The pipe I) is connected to the 'manilold O, which supplies theexhaust-steam. b is likewise connected to the waste-steam manifold G". Aportion of these coils are also connected by means of the pipes d d withlive-steam supply and waste manifolds D D*. These pipes are all suppliedwith the necessary .valves, VV, to shut off any coil in case of leakage,and the lower portion of the coils can be connected or disconnected atwill with the live-steam manifold when its use is required. The uppercoil, B which is precisely the same as the others, is not connected withthe steam-pipe, but is supported just above the upper steam-coil. It ispierced on the upper side with a series of small holes, and the ends areconnected with the bottom of a shallow pan, B placed above, whichcatches the drip from the upper part of the still, and delivers it intothe distributing-coil B. This coil B" corresponds by preference in itsconstruction to the steam-coils beneath. The aqua-amino nia drips fromit upon the upper heated coil, and a portion of the ammonia isevaporated, the eXcess overflowing, upon the next coil beneath, and soon down to the bottom of the still.

Only about one foot of weak ammonia is kept in the still. Theevaporation takes place from the surface of the coils while theaquaammonia is passing in a thin film over the heated pipes, thusavoiding the fierce ebullition produced in rapid evaporation by therising of the liberated ammonia-vapor through a large body of fluid,which frequently causes the still to boil over.

The upper part, A of the still contains a series of perforateddripping-pans, E, Figs. 13

and 14. A heavy burr, e projecting about one-sixteenth of an inch, israised around each hole, and there is a rim, 6, around the outer edge ofthe pan of a corresponding height. A

. portion of the aqua-ammonia which is delivbelow impinges against thelower side of the lowest pan, and passing up through the perforations inthe opposite direction to the descent of the aqua-ammonia meetsit on itsdownward course, when an exchange of heat takes place, sutlicientlylowering the temperature of the rising vapors to condense the vapor ofwater, and at the same time performing considerable service inliberating vapor of ammonia.

The absorber K has a cylindrical body, which contains a series of coils,k. similar to those in the still, but having a cold-water circulationinstead of steam, the cold water being supplied through onesupply-manifold of pipe, and the water being permitted to escape fromthe coils through the other manifold or exit-pipes. The upper coil,which is a duplicate of the circulating-coils, is pierced with a seriesof small holes upon the upper side, and is connected with pipe 16, whichdelivers the weak ammonia. The ammonia-vapor is delivered to theabsorber by the pipe 11. The perforations distribute the weak ammoniaeven ly over the upper water-circulating coil, and from that it dripsdown upon and runs over the cooled surface of all the coils beneath. Theammonia-vapor, being thus exposed-in the most advantageous mannerpossible for its absorption-to a large surface of weak ammonia, israpidly absorbed, the weak ammonia becomes strong am monia. and, passingout through perpendicular pipe 12, 95 produces in its descent a suctiondue to the fall of the fluid, carrying with it bodily any portion of thevapor not yet absorbed by reason of the partial vacuum or temperature,or both, into the second absorber-coil, P, which is acontinuation ofpipe 12, where the remainder of the vapor is absorbed in consequence ofthe lower temperature and greater pressure; thence the strong ammoniapasses to reservoir N.

Coil P is immersed in a bath, M, of a fluid non-congealable at the lowtemperature which it is desired to obtain fluid, in which there isanother coil, 0, the pipes of which are placed alternately over thepipes of the coil P. The coil 0 is connected with pipe 11 and providedwith valves 0 0", to connect and disconnect at will, so that when thereis any available cold returning gas from cooling-coil h to theabsorber'it can be utilized to cool the bath in which coil P is immersedto a still lower temperature. There is also a connection made fromreceiver 1 to coil 0 by pipe 8 and valves 0 and 0 to feed ammonia directwhen there is no cold gas, or not enough returning through pipe ll.

The object to be attained by cooling the ammonia after it leaves theabsorber K is to enable it to absorb the vapor that is carried from theabsorber bodily by the suction due to the fall of the fluid down throughpipe 12. The said suction producing a partial vacuum in absorber K, theweak ammonia will only absorb an amount of vapor due to the temperatureand pressure therein, which is not enough to make aqua-ammonia ofsufficient strength to enable exhaust-steam of 212 temperature toliquefy the vapor in condenser h when the cooling-water is above about55 tem- IIO perature. \Vith aqua-ammonia of commercial with anotherVessel, N, which is partly filled strength of 26 Banm 212 heat Willraise the pressurein the still to about one hundred pounds. W'it-h onehundred pounds pressure in the condenser and a temperature of 55, thevapor will be condensed to a liuid, aud freezing-work can be performed;but when the coolingwater is above 55 a higher pressure must bemaintained, and either stcam of higher temperature than 212 or strongeraqua-ammonia must be used; and in order to utilize exhauststeam wheneverwater above 55 temperature must be used, I adopt the method of applyingeither a medium cooled artificially to the absorber, or of applyingpressure in it, or using some back-pressu re on theexhanststeam, orapplying live steam to a portion of the coils in the lower part of thestill A, orall of the alternatives at once, according to circumstances.

At a temperature of 50 and atmospheric pressure water will absorb sixhundred and seventy volumes ammonia-vapor, and the resultingaqua-ammonia will have a specific gravity of .875, and at sametemperature with a pressure of two atmospheres water will absorb aboutthirteen hundred volumes and have a speci ticgravity ofabout.825, (41gravity Baum,) and will boil atabout 10 temperature atmosphericpressure. At a pressure of one hundred and sixty pounds a temperature of212 will evaporate it to about 26 gravity Baum, thus giving with atemperature of 80 in the condenser a working margin of about 15 Baum, orthree hundred volumes. 7'

In order to avoid carrying a high pressure in absorber K, (whichindicates the pressure in freezing-coil h,) I place the absorber at anelevation of from thirty to one hundred feet, so that the fall of thefluid in pipe 12 will produce a suction in absorber Klcorresponding toaportion of the fall, and the balance of the vertical column willproduce the pressure due to its height, thus obtaining both asnction inthe absorber K and the freezing-coil j and a pressure in absorber P, forthe purpose mentioned, at slight cost, as the pressure upon the Weakammonia in the still willforce it up the one hundred feet (more or less)without loss or detriment.

The pump T is connected by suction-pipe 22 with the bath in which coilsO and P are located, for the purpose of forcing fluid from that bathinto the circulating-coils in absorber K through pipe 23 whenever thewater used for cooling purposes, which flows in through pipe 24, becomestoo warm to accomplish the absorption. Ithus consumea part of the coldproduced; but this can be afforded as long as the whole is made by awaste product. When exhaust -steam cannot be had in sufficient quantity,and livesteam must be used, it will be necessary to resort to artificialcooling of the absorber P, and 1 then circulate cold water through thecoils in thebath M. The water flowing into cooling; coils of absorber Kflows back to tank M through pipe 25.

The strong-ammonia receiverN is connected with weak ammonia, and thatwith another, Nifilled in like manner,and that with another, ifdesirable, in such a manner that when there comes an overpressure in N,by reason of an accumulation of air or vapor, or from any causewhatever,the surplus will pass into N through a pipe, 11,. which reachesnearly to the bottom of N", causing the air and vapor to pass up throughthe fluid in N, which fluid will absorb the vapor of ammonia and allowthe air to pass on through pipe ainto the next receiver, N, and finallyout through -a safety valve, at, that is set on the last receiver,N ,atany pressure found desirable to maintain. Receivers N and N and N arealso connected again by separate pipes,n and n each of which pipes has acheck-valve, n and n set so as to keep anything from passing from N to Nand from N" to N through them, but will open from N to 1 and from 1 2 toN,in order to furnish receiver N with son'iething to compensate forvarying quantity oftluid in the same without get; ting it; from theatmosphere direct. This procedure enables the machine toautomaticallypurge'itself of airwithout loss of ammonia. When theaqua-ammonia in receiver N becomes so strong that it does not readilyabsorb more vapo'r,it is transferred into receiver N.and the contentsofN are transferred into N".and N is refilled with water or other weakerammonia. This transfer can be effected by means of. a pump. Thestrong-ammonia receiver N and its accompanying receivers N and N are allplaced within a bath, M, which contains coils O and P. The coil 0 coolsbath M, which cools in turn coil P, the secondary absorber, m, and alsothe receivers N, N, and N.

In order to use live steam in connection with exhauststeam for thepurpose of utilizing exhaust-steam as far as it will go when a higherpressure than steam of 212 temperature will produce is required, Iconnect, by means of manifolds D and D", (see Figs. land 6,) aboutone-third of the coils in the lower part of the still A with live steamin such a way that all the coils may use exhaust-steam; 1, by shuttingthe valves V, V, and V on all or any of the coils so connected, theexhaust-steam may be shut off, and by opening valves V? and V live steamwill be admitted to said coils. A steam-trap is connected with theOllhlfih lllfilllfold C, so as to allow the water of, condensation topass out and yet maintain the steampressure in the coils, thus obtaininga higher degree of 'heat in the said coils. Now, after the aqua-ammoniahas passed over the coils in the still, which are heated byexhauststeam, and after all the ammonia-vapor which that heat will driveoff has been expelled, the aqua-ammonia next falls upon the coils heatedto a higher temperature by the live steam, which will expel anotherportion of vapor, thereby raising the pressure in the still. v

The receiver I, for anhydrous ammonia, is made preferably hemispherical.at the bottom, and connects with pipes 10 and 11 by pipe 8.

A suitable valve, V is placed so as to draw from the bottom. The glassgage w reaches to the bottom of the cone, for the purpose of showing allthe fluid contained in the said re- .ceiver. The outlet-pipe 4, forfeeding anhydrous ammonia into the freezingcoils j, is placed a littlehigher up, so as to form a trap. Now, if any water gets into thereceiver l, the fact can be noted by viewing the glass gage w,- asaqua-ammonia is readily distinguished by sight from anhydrous ammonia,and the water or aqua-ammonia may be drawn off by opening valve V intoreceiver N, and serious trouble arising from aqua ammonia getting .usedin the still, the weak ammonia passing the same form as those in thestill.

into the freezing or chilling pipes may be thus prevented. The trap G isconnected with the still at bottom by pipe 17, and at about half itsheight by pipe 4, and has a coil, 9, in the upper part, throughwhichcold water circulates. The vapor-pipe 4 from the still enters the trapbelow the coil and delivers the vapor at that point. The outlet 5, forvapor, being at the top of trap G, the vapor must pass thecold-watencirculating coils, and will deposit thereon any vapor of waterthat may be mingled with the ammonia-vapor. This coil is shown in thedrawings in the ordinary helical or worm-shape form; but it might alsobe of The interchanger L is an inclosed strong vertical cylindricalvessel, inclosing wil hin it two coils, and when filled with waterconstitutes a bath .for transferring heat from one coil to the other.

One of the coils intervenes between the bottom of the still A and theabsorber K, and conveys the hot weak ammonia from the still, and in itspassage through the immersed coil the hot ammonia imparts its heat tothe bath. The

other coil intervenes between the pump S and the top of the still A",and conveys the strong ammonia to the still, which in its passagethrough the coil immersed in the bath absorbs the heat imparted to thebath by the other coil.

The object of inclosing the two coils in a strong close vessel is tohold in the bath all the heat imparted to it by the hot weak ammonia bymaintaining whatever pressure is due to the heat applied.

When steam of seventy pounds pressure is out will have atemperature ofabout 270, and if that temperature be applied to an open bath no higherheat than 212 will be obtained, while if the bath be inclosed all theheat will be retained, the bath be heated to 270, and the strong ammoniaheated accordingly before entering the still.

This interchanger may also consist of a single coil, through which oneof the fluids circulates, placed in a tight vessel containing the otherfluid instead of water. The aqua-am- .monia will in this case act as theexchanging medium, and my apparatus includes either of saidconstructions and arrangements.

The regulator R is a vertical cylinder about three feet high, connectedat the bottom by pipe 14 and at top by pipe 13 with the still, so thatthe fluid will maintain the same height in both vessels. The cylinder-Rcontains within it a float, consisting of another cylinder, 1*, ofsmaller diameter than the exterior one, and shorter length, and open atthe top. The float r is connected with one end of a lever, 1", whichworks over a fulcrum and connects with the double'seated valve r in sucha way that when the fluid in the cylinder R raises the float r the valve0' is opened wider to allow more fluid to pass through, and when thefluid falls in the regulator R the float r, acting on the lever r,closes the valve 0 correspondingly, and this will regulate the height ofthe fluid in the still within a few inches, whether there is a large orsmall quantity going into the still. The outlet for valve 1' isconnected with pipe 15, which conducts the fluid through interchanger Linto absorber K.

F is weak-ammonia still, for the purpose of distilling ofi the ammonialeft in the weak aqua-ammonia when the same is drawn from still A forthe purpose of adding fresh aquaammonia with which to replenish thestock of anhydrous ammonia. The still F is similar to still A, and worksin the same manner, only without pressure, and thus we are enabled todistill off the remaining ammonia.

Pipe 18 delivers the weak aqua-ammonia from still A into still F nearthe top, which passes down through the perforated plates and over thesteam-coils in the lower part, and by the time it reaches the bottom theremaining ammonia is expelled, and the water is then blown out or drawnout. The vapor passes out through pipe 19 to the absorber K, and theexhausted liquid can be run off through pipe 20.

The operation is as follows: The pump S takes the strong ammonia fromthe receiver N through pipe 1, and forces it by pipe 2 through theinterchanger L. The ammonia becomes heated, and is delivered by pipe 3at the top A of the still A upon the upper plate of the series, andpassing through the perforated plates E is further heated by the hotascending vapor from the body of the still A and a portion of its vaporliberated. The weakened ammonia resulting from this loss of vapor, afterpassing the last plate of the series of plates E at the bottom of theupper portion, A", of the still A, is caught by the pan in the top ofthe main still A and delivered into the distributing-coil B above thesteam-coils B B, and by it is equally distributed over the uppersteam-coil, and by that upon the next coil beneath it, and so on to thebottom of the still A, by which time it has yielded up all the vapor dueto the heat applied, and is ready to be returned to the absorber forrenewal. For this purpose it o ss into reservoir N, where it is readyfor pump S to send it on its cycle again. The. vapors from the stillpass out througlrthe pipe 4 into the trap G, where the water (if anycomes over) and vapors separate. The water falls to the bottom of thetrap and returns to the still by pipe 17. The vapor, rising, comes incontact with coil g, deposits upon it any aqueous vapor yet mingled withthe ammoniavapor, and this water of condensation also falls to thebottom of trap G, returning by pipe 17 to the still. Fromthe top of thetrap the ammonia-vapor passes through the pipe 5 to the coil h in thecondenser H. Around this coil h cold water is made to circulate by pipes26 and 27, and the annnonia-vapor is condensed by its own pressure to aliquid, which flows through pipe 6, and is collected in the reservoir orreceiver I, from which itis fed by suitable valves in pipe 7 into thechilling-coil j, contained in the tank J, where it expands and absorbsheat from the surround ing air or liquid to be cooled. The expandedvapor rises from the coil j by the pipes 10 and 11 into the elevated orprimary absorber K,where it is absorbed by the weak ammonia, which, ashas been before described, enters the absorber by the pipe 16. Theresulting strong ammonia passes out down pipe 12 to the'secondaryabsorber O, thence to reservoir N, from whence the pump S returns itagain to the still. The pump T operates to circulate the non-congealablefluid drawn from the tank M through the coils 7c of the elevatedabsorber K,from whiohit returns to the tank M by the pipe 25. v

For the purpose of getting the full exchange of heat in interchanger L,and as an alternative, valve r in the regulator is set open by screw o,and then regulatedby valve on pipe 16, which causes the same pressureand temperature to be maintained in the coil Z in the interchanger as isin the still, and thus the strong ammonia entering the still is heatedto about the same temperature as the weak ammonia emitted, and verylittle heat is lost.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is'

1. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the primarystill with the'secondary still by pipes, whereby the ammonia which hasbeen treated in the primary still may be treated at a lower pressure inthe secondary still.

2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of a stillprovided with internal heating-pipes, and a distributer for distributingthe liquid thereon,with a regulator, whereby the collected liquid isprevented from rising into contact with the heating-pipes.

3. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the condenserfor the gaseous ammonia with a reservoir (for the coudensedam monia)provided with two exit-pipes at different levels,whereby the aquaammoniamay be drawn off separately from the anhydrous ammonia.

4.. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the absorberwith a secondary ab sorber (arranged at a lower level than the absorber)and an ammonia-receiver by means of pipes, whereby the flow of ammoniafrom the absorber to the secondary absorber and ammonia-receiver isutilized, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the still-bodywith a series of internal superimposed coils and steam supply afid wastemanifolds.

6. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the still-bodywith a series of internal superimposed coils and steam supply and wastemanifolds, and a distributer for distributing liquid upon said coils.

7. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the stilLbodywith'a series of internal superimposed coils, steam supply and wastemanifolds, and valves in theconnections between the said coils and saidmanifolds,

whereby the saiol coils may be operated independently.

8. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the still-bodywith a series of superimposed coils, two steam-supply manifolds, twowaste-manil'olds, and valves in the connections between said coils andsaid manifolds, whereby the said coils may be independently suppliedwith steam of different ten- $1008.

9. The combination, substantially as before 7 set forth, of thestill-body, the internal coil having its supply and exit pipes extendedthrough said body, and the stufling-boxes fitted with soft-metalpackings, through which said supply and exit pipes pass.

10. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the lowerstill-section, provided with a seriesof internal superimposed coils,with an upper still-section provided with a series of superimposeddrip-pans.

11. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the lowerstill-section, provided with a series ofsuperimposed coils,- with anupper still-section which is provided with a series of superimposed drippans and communicates directly with said lower stillsection, so that theliquid from said series of pans passes directly downward to said seriesof coils.

IIO

12. The spiral coilhaving supply and waste 1 14:. The combination,substantially as bei fore set forth, of one absorber with the secondarystill and with the primary still through intervening devices, wherebythe same absorber operates to absorb the ammoniacal gas liberated inboth stills.

15. The absorber constructed, substantially as before set forth, with aninlet-passage for the am mouiacal gas, an outlet-passage for the liquidammonia, a distributor, and a series of superimposed coils which areconnected with water supply and exit pipes.

16. The interchanger constructed substantially as before set forth, andconsisting of a tank fitted with two independent internal which isdelivered from the said primary absorber.

20. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of theammonia-still with atrap which is separate from said still, and has itsupper portion fitted internally with a coil for the circulation ofwater.

21. The combination, substantially as be- .fore set forth, of theabsorber with the strongammonia receiver arranged at a distance belowthe said absorber, whereby the flow of ammonia from the said absorber tothe said receiver is utilized, as before set forth.

22. A still provided with internal coil or coilsofpipeforsteam-circulation, so arranged within the still as not to besubmerged in the liquid introduced therein, and that the liquid to bedistilled shall be introduced above said coil or coils, so as to passover and be brought in direct contact with the surfaces thereof.substantially as and for the purposes described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

ELI E. HENDRICK.

Witnesses:

CHAS. WILLIS, WM. G. BUTTON.

